| THE FIRST COMMONWEALTH (ca. 1004 - 586 BCE) |
| 1010 - 970 |
Reign of King David. |
| ca. 1004 |
King David captures Jerusalem from the Jebusites. Makes Jerusalem the
capital. |
| ca. 960 |
King Solomon begins to build the First Temple. |
| 928 |
Division of Kingdom into Israel (north) and Judah (south). |
| 722 |
Assyrians conquer northern Kingdom of Israel. |
| 701 |
Hezekiah successfully withstands Sennacherib's attack on Jerusalem. |
| 597 |
Babylonians capture Jerusalem. |
| 586 |
Nebuchadnezzar destroys city and First Temple and exiles Jews to Babylon.
|
| THE PERSIAN PERIOD (539 BCE - 332 BCE) |
| 539 |
Fall of Babylon. |
| 538-37 |
Cyrus allows Jews (about 50,000) to return to Jerusalem from Babylon |
| 520 |
Works begins on the building of the Second Temple under Zerubbabel. |
| 515 |
Completion and rededication of the Second Temple. |
| 445 |
Nehemiah appointed governor of Judea by Artaxerxes and rebuilds city
walls. |
| 397 |
Ezra the Scribe initiates religious reforms. |
| THE HELLENISTIC PERIOD (167 BCE - CE 63) |
| 332 |
Alexander the Great conquers Palestine. |
| 323 |
Death of Alexander in Babylon - Wars of Succession begin. |
| 320 |
Ptolemy I captures Jerusalem. |
| 320 - 198 |
Rule of Egyptian Ptolemies. |
| 198 - 167 |
Rule of the Syrian Seleucids. |
| 167 |
Antiochus IV of Syria outlaws Juda and desecrates the Second Temple. |
| THE HASMONEAN PERIOD (167 BCE - CE 63) |
| 167 - 141 |
Maccabean War of Liberation. |
| 164 |
Judah Maccabee recaptures Jerusalem and restores Temple. |
| 166 - 160 |
Rule of Judah the Maccabee. |
| 160 - 143 |
Rule of Jonathan. |
| 143 - 135 |
Rule of Simon Maccabeus. |
| ROMAN PERIOD (63 BCE - 324 CE) |
| 63 |
General Pompey and his Roman legions conquer Jerusalem. |
| 63 - 37 |
Hasmonean rules continue but under protection of Rome. |
| 40 |
Rome appoints Herod King of Judea. |
| 40 - CE 4 |
Reign of Herod the Great. |
| 37 |
King Herod captures Jerusalem. |
| 18 |
Herod commences rebuilding of Temple. |
| ca. 7 BCE - ca. 31 CE |
Life of Jesus of Nazareth |
| 4 BCE |
Jerusalem is governed from Caesarea by Roman procurators.
Herod dies. New Testament Period under Roman Rule (First Century CE)
|
| 26 - 36 |
Pontius Pilate, Roman procurator of Judea. |
| 27 - 31 |
The ministry of Jesus. |
| 31 |
Crucifixion of Jesus. |
| 63 |
Temple completed. |
| 66 |
Jews revolt against the Romans. |
| 70 |
Jerusalem is demolished by Titus; survivors are exiled or sold into
slavery. |
| 132 |
Bar Kochba leads a doomed revolt against Rome. |
| 135 |
Emperor Hadrian rebuilds Jerusalem; builds new walls and renames the city
Aelia
Capitolina and country Palestine; bans Jews from Jerusalem. |
| BYZANTINE PERIOD (324 - 638) |
| 313 |
Emperor Constantine legalizes Christianity. |
| 324 |
Constantine becomes sole ruler of the empire. |
| 326 |
Queen Helena discovers Gologotha and other holy sites; her son,
Constantine, builds the Anastasis (Church of the Holy Sepulchre). |
| 438 |
Empress Eudocia allows Jews to live in Jerusalem. |
| 614 |
Persian conquest of Jerusalem. |
| 628 |
Emperor Heraculis recaptures the city. |
| EARLY MUSLIM PERIOD (639 - 1099) |
| 638 |
Six years after the Mohammed's death, Caliph Omar captures Jerusalem;
Jews readmitted. |
| 691 |
Dome of the Rock is built by Caliph Abd al-Malik. |
| 715 |
Al-Aqsa Mosque is completed by al-Walid al-Malik. |
| 750 |
Power shifts from the Umayyards of Damascus to the Abbasids of Baghdad;
Abbasids continue to enhance Jerusalem. |
| 969 |
Fatimid conquest is soon followed by destruction of churches and
synagogues. |
| 1071 |
Seljuks devastate Jerusalem. |
| CRUSADER PERIOD (1099 - 1187) |
| 1099 |
Crusaders led by Godfrey de Bouillon, capture Jerusalem; Baldwin I
declared king; Jews and Muslims are slaughtered. |
| 1187 |
Kurdish general Saladin captures Jerusalem from Crusaders; permits Jews
and Muslims to return and settle in the city. |
| AYYUBID and MAMLUK PERIOD (1187-1517) |
| 1229 |
Treaty returns Jerusalem to the Crusaders. |
| 1244 |
Mamluk Sultans defeat the Ayyubids and rule Jerusalem; city again in
Muslim hands. |
| 1260 |
Mamluks of Egypt rule Jerusalem from Cairo. |
| 1267 |
Rabbi Moshe Ben Nahman arrives from Spain, revives Jewish congregation. |
| 1275 |
Marco Polo stops in Jerusalem on his way to China. |
| 1291 |
Acre, the last Crusader stronghold in the Holy Land, is captured by the
Mamluks. |
| 1348 |
Black Death Plague hits Jerusalem. |
| 1492 |
Jews arrive following Spanish Exile. |
| OTTOMAN PERIOD (1517 - 1917) |
| 1517 |
Palestine and Jerusalem become part of the Ottoman Empire. |
| 1537 - 1541 |
Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent rebuilds the city walls. |
| 1799 |
Napoleon invades Palestine but does not try to conquer Jerusalem. |
| 1831 |
Mohammed Ali of Egypt rules the country for nine years. |
| 1838 |
First consulate (British) opens in Jerusalem. |
| 1849 |
Consecration of Christ Church, first Protestant church in the Near East. |
| 1860 |
First Jewish settlement outside walls of the city. |
| 1892 |
Railroad connects the city to the coast. |
| 1898 |
Visit by Dr. Theodor Herzl, founder of the World Zionist Organization. |
| THE BRITISH MANDATE PERIOD (1917 - 1948) |
| 1917 |
British conquest and General Allenby's entry into Jerusalem. |
| 1920 |
The Mandate for Palestine is conferred on Britain. |
| 1921-29 |
Arab-Jewish disturbances. |
| 1936-39 |
Arab-Jewish disturbances. |
| 1925 |
Hebrew University buildings are inaugurated. |
| 1947 |
United Nations Resolution to create a Jewish and an Arab state in
Palestine. |
| 1948 |
British withdraw from Palestine; the country is invaded by armies from
neighboring states; the State of Israel is declared on May 14. |
| THE ISRAELI PERIOD (1948 - ) |
| 1948 - 49 |
Israel War of Liberation. |
| 1949 |
Israel-TransJordan Armistice Agreement signed; Jerusalem divided between
two countries.
Jerusalem proclaimed capital of Israel; East Jerusalem is ruled by Jordan. |
| 1967 |
Israelis capture Old City during Six-Day War. |
| 1973 |
The Yom Kippur War. |
| 1979 |
Egypt and Israel sign peace treaty. |
| 1987 |
Beginning of Intifada. |
| 1993 |
Israel and the PLO sign the Declaration of Principles. |
| 1995 |
Israel and Jordan sign peace treaty. |
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